A draft Crown Prosecution Service document proposes classifying circumcision as potential child abuse, placing it alongside breast flattening, virginity testing, and exorcisms within harmful practices guidance for prosecutors.
The classification emerged following concerns raised by judges and coroners regarding deaths and severe injuries linked to the procedure. Since 2001, seven boys under 18 have died where circumcision was a contributing factor, including at least three infants who bled to death.
The draft guidance acknowledges that no specific criminal offense exists for male circumcision, unlike female genital mutilation. However, it states the practice can constitute child abuse or assault when performed incorrectly or under inappropriate conditions, particularly if causing pain and harm.
Jewish and Muslim leaders have strongly objected to the characterization. Jonathan Arkush, former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, argues the wording is misleading and deeply pejorative, noting that any procedure performed improperly could be deemed harmful. He maintains the Jewish community applies stringent standards ensuring complications remain extremely rare.
The Muslim Council of Britain acknowledged support for stronger safeguards and accreditation systems while asserting that circumcision, as a lawful practice with religious and cultural foundations, should not inherently be classified as abuse. The council emphasized that irresponsible procedures lacking proper protections may rightfully fall within criminal law’s scope.
Recent prosecutions highlight the risks of inadequate regulation. Mohammad Siddiqui, a former doctor, received over five years imprisonment for causing unnecessary suffering through unsanitary procedures. Mohammed Alazawi, falsely claiming medical credentials, was convicted of wounding with intent across multiple circumcisions.
Medical professionals voice concerns about the procedure’s necessity. Consultant surgeon Gordon Muir advocates waiting until age 16, arguing circumcision lacks evidence supporting benefits and occasionally causes preventable harm or death. He experienced substantial backlash publishing these findings.
Progressive Jewish leaders acknowledge the need for regulatory frameworks. Rabbi Jonathan Romain describes circumcision as symbolically powerful for identity but recognizes the necessity for medically qualified practitioners. Progressive Judaism is developing training and mentoring schemes for a new generation of practitioners adhering to best practices.
Prof Faye Ruddock emphasized gaps in public education regarding risks, noting insufficient information availability in perinatal, neonatal, and community spaces. Culturally competent regulation could address critical safeguarding gaps while respecting diverse traditions and ensuring access to credible practitioners.
The National Secular Society endorsed the CPS guidelines, though its human rights representative stressed that criminal systems address harm after occurrence. He advocates restricting the procedure to medically qualified practitioners when performed on children and deferring decisions until individuals can consent independently.
